Bujang Valley Excavations Expose the Peninsula’s Exciting Past
August 2025 COVER STORY
LONG BEFORE THE Sultanate of Melaka, there was Ancient Kedah—a patchwork of coastal and riverine polities located along the northwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula. From as early as the 2nd century CE, the region began to participate in the expanding trans-Asian trade network that connected major economic and cultural centres in India, the Middle East, China and Southeast Asia. This connectivity formed an integrated network of port-polities, which facilitated not only the exchange of goods, but also the movement...
