Bukit Kota & Bukit Indera Muda: A Former Socio-Political Centre

By Nabil Nadri, Muhammad Amirul Naim Rosmi

June 2025 FEATURE
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The expedition in 2022 surveying Bukit Guar Ipoh, and the panorama facing Kampung Kota and parts of Bukit Indera Muda in the background. Source:Nabil Nadri.
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BACK IN 2022, we and a team from Gerila Sejarah Pulau Pinang (GSPP) decided to further explore the history of the Malay community in Penang by directing our attention to several historical areas on the mainland, or what we call “seberang”. The area around Sungai Dua has been known for important historical anecdotes concerning the 1700s to the 1800s; it was there that Malays, led by Tunku Sulaiman, the son of Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah of Kedah (r.1778-1797) coordinated many...

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Nabil Nadri

33, is a researcher at the Department of History and Civilisation, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), and is currently a PhD candidate at the Centre for Global Archaeological Research at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). He is passionate about local history, classical literatures and archaeology in order to preserve and spread awareness about these. He is proud of his diverse Malay, Chinese, Indo-Afghan and Buginese origins.

Muhammad Amirul Naim Rosmi

holds a Bachelor’s degree in Human Sciences from the International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM). His areas of interest encompass social history, intellectual history and political thought.

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