Chinese Associations in Penang by Numbers
By Ng Kar Yong
February 2019 STATISTICS
The formation of Chinese associations in Penang can be traced back to the early nineteenth century, when Chinese migrants began settling in the state; these associations were formed for economic, security and cultural preservation reasons.1 According to Buku Panduan Persatuan-Persatuan Cina Malaysia,2 these associations are classified into nine broad categories: religion; lineage and clan; locality; profession; sports; art, culture and education; charity and welfare; youth and women; and integrated associations (Table 1). More than half of the associations are located...
Ng Kar Yong
is a statistician at Penang Institute who loves art and nature.
